TDR Contents
Part I: State Courts, The Primary Institutions
1. Introduction
The American Tradition of Private Law Enforcement 1
Honda Motor Co. v. Oberg (US 1994) 20
BMW of North America Inc. v Gore (US 1996) 31
PunitiveDamages 39
Due Process and the NAFTA Remedy 39
2. The Long Arms of American State Courts
Perkins v. Benguet Consolidated Mining Co. (US 1952) 41
Tag Service on Individuals Found in the State 43
*Amusement Equipment Co. v. Mordelt (5th cir. 1985) 44
Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court (US 1987) 46
*Parry v. Ernst Home Center Corp. (Utah 1989) 55
Corporate Alter Ego 57
*Frummer v. Hilton Hotels International (N Y 1967) 58
*Miller v. Honda Motor Co. (1st cir 1985) 60
Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia v. Hall (US 1984) 61
3. Notice; Proceedings in Rem
Notice and Due Process 67
*Natl Dev't Co. v. Triad Holding Co. (2d cir 1991) 68
Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Schlunk (US 1988) 70
Problem 3-1 Public Official as Agent for Receipt 79
Problem 3-2 Language Problems 80
Problem 3-3 Formalities Between Co-Nationals 80
Problem 3-4 Electronic Service 81
B. Jurisdiction Over Property
Attachment and Garnishment: The Requirement of Notice 84
Problem 3-5 Attachment of Intangibles 84
Problem 3-6 Attachment of Realty 85
Preliminary Injunctions 85
GMD v. Alliance Bond Fund, Inc. (US 1999) 86
U S ex rel Rahman v. Oncology Assocs. (4th cir. 1999) 96
Part II The Limited Roles of Federal Courts
4. The Federal Diversity Jurisdiction; Forum Non Conveniens
The Dual Court System 101
Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon Oil Co. (US 1999) 102
Corfield v. Dallas Glen Hills LP (5th cir. 2003) 108
Sadat v. Mertes (7th cir. 1980) 111
Problem 4-1 Alignment of Parties; Separable Claims 115
B. Transfers and Dismissals for Inconvenience
Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno (US 1981) 116
Problem 4-2 Appellate Review 124
Problem 4-3 The Bhopal Disaster 125
Problem 4-4 Product Liability 126
Problem 4-5 Effect of American Citizenship 127
Problem 4-6 Assessing the Alternative Forum 127
5. The Admiralty and Federal Question Jurisdictions
The Propeller Genesee Chief v. Fitzhugh (US 1851) 128
Attachment in Admiralty 136
Problem 5-1 Proceedings Against A Hull 136
Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc. (US 2001) 137
Problem 5-2 Maritime Ownership Disputes 143
Problem 5-3 State Law Aboard Ship 143
Claims Arising Under Federal Law 144
Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Thompson (US 1986) 144
Problem 5-4 Federal Safety Standards; Federally Created Evidence 151
Patrickson v. Dole Foods Co. (9th cir 2001) 152
Note: The Case or Controversy Requirement 159
Problem 5-5 Parens Patriae 159
Minimum Contacts with the United States: The Longer Arm of Federal Courts 160
Problem 5-6 Aggregating Contacts 160
6. Suits Against Foreign Sovereigns
Verlinden B. V. v. Central Bank of Nigeria (US 1983) 161
Problem 6-1 Retroactivity 167
Problem 6-2 Piercing the Sovereign’s Corporate Veil 169
Republic of Argentine v. Weltover, Inc. (US 1992) 170
Problem 6-3 Direct Effects in the United States 177
Saudi Arabia v. Nelson (US 1993) 178
Claims for Terrorism 184
Problem 6-4 Terrorist Acts of a Sovereign 185
Diplomatic Immunity 185
Problem 6-5 Heads of State 185
Problem 6-6 Consular Offices 186
7. Private Enforcement of Transnational Law
The Warsaw Convention of 1929 187
Zicherman v. Korean Air Lines Ltd (US 1996) 187
Problem 7-1 Emotional Harm 192
Albingia Versicherungs A. G. v. Schenker International (9th cir. 2003) 193
Problem 7-2 Forum Non Conveniens 198
Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain (US 2004) 199
Problem 7-3 Forum Non Conveniens 223
Problem 7-4 Evaluating The Foreign Forum 224
Problem 7-5 Command Responsibility 225
Problem 7-6 Applying State Law 226
8. Private Enforcement of Foreign Law
Conflicts of Law: State or Federal Law? 228
Day & Zimmerman, Inc. v. Challoner (US 1975) 228
Problem 8-1: Damages: Substance or Procedure 229
Problem 8-2: The Constraint of Dissimilarity 229
Proof of Foreign Law 230
Problem 8-3 Conflicting Proof 230
Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino (US 1964) 231
Problem 8-4 Branch Bank Deposits 242
Problem 8-5 Monetary Revaluation 242
Problem 8-6 Licensing 243
W. S. Kirkpatrick & Co. v. Environmental Tectronics Corp. (US 1990) 244
*Galu v. Swiss Air Transport Co. (2d cir. 1989) 248
9. Extraterritorial Application of U.S. Law to Protect U. S. Markets
Steele v. Bulova Watch (US 1952) 252
Problem 9-1 Protecting Securities Markets 256
Hartford Fire Ins. Co. v. California (US 1993) 257
Problem 9-2 Applying State Law 267
Problem 9-3 Foreign State Action 267
Problem 9-4 Protecting Small Business 268
F. Hoffman-LaRoche Ltd. v. Empagran S. A. (US 2004) 268
Problem 9-5 Foreign Claimants with Domestic Claimants 279
Problem 9-6 Foreign Sovereign Conspirator 281
10. Other Extraterritorial Applications of U. S. Law
Home Insurance Co. v. Dick (US 1930) 282
Problem 10-1 Minimum Wage Law 284
Problem 10-2 Industrial Accident Compensation 285
Lauritzen v. Larsen (US 1953) 285
Problem 10-3 Equal Protection Aboard Ship 293
Problem 10-4 Following the Flag 294
*EEOC v. Arabian American Oil Co. (US 1991) 294
Congressional Response 297
Problem 10-5 Foreign Collective Bargaining 298
*Hoffman Plastics Compounds Inc. v. NLRB (US 2002) 298
Problem 10-6 Maritime Environmental Law 301
11. Extraterritorial Lawyers
The Regulation of Lawyers 303
Zapatas Hermanos Sucesores S. A. v. Hearthstone Baking Co. (7th cir. 2002) 304
Problem 11-1 Fee Regulation 309
Problem 11-2 Contingent Fees 310
Ado Finance, AG v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. (C. D. Cal. 1996) 312
El Gemayel v. Seaman (New York 1988) 318
In the Matter of Albert F. Dalena, Attorney at Law (New Jersey 1999) 322
Who Can Be A Partner? 329
Conflicts of Interest 330
Problem 11-3 Confidentiality 331
Problem 11-4 Conflicts of Interest in Transnational Law Firms 331
Problem 11-4 Claims to Professional Expertise 331
Problem 11-5 Ex Parte Contacts 332
Part IV Transnational investigation of facts
12. Discovery: Securing Evidence from Adversaries
American Traditions of Civil Trials: The Hearsay Rule 333
Problem 12-1 Foreign Records as Evidence 334
The Origins of Discovery 335
Problem 12-2 Destruction of Possible Evidence 336
Problem 12-3 Sanctions Against the United States 337
Ins. Co. of Ireland v. Co. des Bauxites de Guinee (US 1982) 338
Problem 12-4 Discovery from Foreign Sovereign 344
Problem 12-5 Inspection of Foreign Premises 344
Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale v. U. S. District Court (US 1987) 345
Problem 12-6 Depositions on Foreign Soil 360
13. Privileged Information
Upjohn Company v. United States (US 1981) 361
Problem 13-1 Experts’ Files 369
Problem 13-2 Waiver of Privilege 369
Problem 13-3 Public Access to Discovered Information 371
United States v. Balsys (US 1998) 372
Problem 13-4 Incrimination of Custodian 380
Problem 13-5 Discovery of Immigration Status 380
Societe Internationale v. Rogers (US 1958) 381
Problem 13-6 Confidential Investigations by Governments 387
14. Securing Evidence from Non-Parties; Costs
The Subpoena Power 388
Blackmer v. United States (US 1932) 388
United States v. First National City Bank (2d cir. 1968) 393
Problem 14-1 Access to Bank Records 395
Intervention 396
Problem 14-2 Third Party Interests 396
Freedom of Information 398
Problem 14-3 Access to Government Files 398
Administrative Subpoenas 398
Problem 14-4 Government Investigations 399
B. Costs
Taxation of Costs 401
Farmer v. Arabian American Oil Co. (US 1964) 401
Problem 14-5 Protective Orders 408
Interpreters 409
Problem 14-6 Translation Costs 409
15. Judicial Forum Selection Clauses
The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co. (US 1972) 410
Problem 15-1 Avoiding Federal Regulation 417
Problem 15-2 Imposing Inconvenience 417
Carnival Cruise Lines v. Shute (US 1991) 418
Congressional Response to Carnival Lines 427
The Use of Printed Forms 428
The Parol Evidence Rule 429
Vienna Convention on International Sale of Goods 430
Problem 15-3 The Battle of Forms 431
Letters of Credit as Means of Assuring Accessible Forums 431
Problem 15-4 Non-Conforming Documents 432
Problem 15-5 Identity of Issuer 433
Problem 15-6 Duty of Issuer 433
16. Arbitration Agreements
Arbitration Law as Federal Law 436
Standard Bent Glass Corp. v. Glassrobots Oy (3d cir. 2003) 437
Problem 16-1 Vagueness 443
Problem 16-2 Battle of Forms 445
Problem 16-3 Language Problems 446
Problem 16-4 Novation 447
Intergen N. V. v. Grina (1st cir 2003) 448
Problem 16-5 Third Parties to Arbitration Agreements 456
Jurisdiction of Arbitrator to Determine Arbitral Jurisdiction 456
Mediterranean Enterprises Inc. v. Sssangyong Corp (9th cir. 1983) 457
Problem 16-6 Jurisdiction to Determine Duress 458
Drafting Arbitration Clauses 459
17. Judicial Proceedings Ancillary to Arbitration
Stays Pending Arbitration and Suits to Compel 462
Jain v. De Mere (7th cir. 1995) 462
Base Metal Trading Ltd v. OJSC Novokuznetsky Aluminum (4th cir 2002) 468
Problem 17-1 Choice of Curial Law 472
*Borden Inc. v. Meiji Milk Products Co. (2d cir. 1990) 473
Cooper v. Ateliers de la Motobecane (New York 1982) 476
Problem 17-2 Preliminary Injunction Pending Award 480
Problem 17-3 Discovery of Evidence for Use in Arbitration 480
Problem 17-4 Perpetuating Evidence; Authority of Arbitrator to Compel 481
Problem 17-5 Arbitral Injunction 482
Problem 17-6 Appellate Review of Judicial Actions Preliminary to Arbitration 482
18. Judicial Review of Awards
Proceedings to Confirm or Vacate: Standards of Review 483
Kyocera Corporation v. Prudential-Bache Services (9th cir. 2003) 485
Problem 18-1 Choice of Law on Scope of Review 490
Europcar Italia. S. P. A. v. Maiellano Tours (2d cir 1998) 492
Problem 18-2 Punitive Award 499
Al Harbi v. Citibank N.A. (D. C. cir 1996) 499
Problem 18-3 Deficient Notice 502
Problem 18-4 Use of Secret or Non-Probative Evidence 503
Problem 18-5 False Testimony 504
Problem 18-6 Disqualified Arbitrator 505
19. Policy Restraints on Arbitration
Public Policy and Private Adjudication 506
Scherk v. Alberto-Culver Co. (US 1974) 508
Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth Inc (US 1984) 514
Congressional Response 529
Simula, Inc. v. Autoliv, Inc. (9th cir. 1999) 530
Problem 19-1 Review of Foreign Award Disregarding American Law 537
Problem 19-2 Right to American Counsel in Foreign Arbitration 537
Problem 19-3 Punitive Damages 537
The Costs of Arbitration 538
Problem 19-4 Claims Not Viable in Arbitration 539
Problem 19-5 Class Actions 540
*Northrup Corp. v. Triad Intl. Mktg. S. A. (9th cir. 1987) 540
Arbitration of Claims Against Foreign Governments 542
Problem 19-6 Respect for Foreign Law on Arbitrability 542
PART VI RESPECT FOR FOREIGN COURTS
20. Recognition of Foreign Judgments: Substantive Concerns
Consequences of Recognition 544
Law Governing Recognition 544
Johnston v. Compagnie General Transatlantique (New York 1926) 546
A Role for International Law? 549
Problem 20-1 Foreign Judgment Not Final 551
Problem 20-2 Stale Foreign Judgments 551
Problem 20-3 Foreign Judgment Denying Effect to U.S. Judgment or Award 552
*Ackermann v. Levine (2d cir. 1985) 553
Problem 20-4 Foreign Judgment Infringing First Amendment 557
*Her Majesty the Queen in Right of British Columbia v.Gilbertson (9th cir. 1979) 558
Problem 20-5 Security in Foreign Proceeding 561
Problem 20-5 Foreign Judgment Against the United States 561
*Baker Marine Ltd v. Chevron Ltd (2d cir 1998) 562
21. Recognition of Foreign Judgments: Procedural Concerns
Problem 21-1 Due Process in Enforcement Proceedings 565
Problem 21-2 Provisional Enforcement 565
Problem 21-3 Foreign Judgment Confessed 565
The Society of Lloyd’s v. Ashenden (7th cir 2000) 566
Problem 21-4 Tag Service Abroad; Appearance Abroad 573
Problem 21-5 Agents Abroad 573
Problem 21-6 Breach of Forum Selection Agreement 574
Bridgway Corp. v. Citibank (2d cir. 2000) 574
Competex, S. A. v. LaBow (2d cie. 1986) 580
22. Parallel Litigation in American and Foreign Courts
A. Stays and Injunctions Against Proceedings
Turner Entertainment Co. v. Degeto Film Gmbh (11th cir 1994) 586
Quaak v. Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler Bedrijfsrevisoren (1st cir 2004) 596
Problem 22-1 Weighing Jurisdictional Interests 605
Problem 22-2 Claims Against Third Party Supplier 605
Problem 22-3 Insurer as Third Party 606
Problem 22-4 Parent Corporation as Third Party 606
Problem 22-5 Parallel Arbitrations 607
B. Issue Preclusion
The Restatement of Judgments (Second) Rule 607
*Bank of Montreal v. Kough (9th cir. 1980) 608
Problem 22-6 Foreign Tribunal’s Findings and Conclusions 610
23. Ancillary Litigation
A. Assistance to Foreign Proceedings
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corporation (9th cir. 2002) 611
Problem 23-1 Asssitance to Arbitral Tribunal 623
Problem 23-2 Foreign Access to Government Records 624